boxfunc5.c

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/*====================================================================*
 -  Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica.  All rights reserved.
 -
 -  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 -  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 -  are met:
 -  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 -     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 -  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 -     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 -     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 -     provided with the distribution.
 -
 -  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 -  ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 -  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 -  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
 -  CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 -  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 -  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 -  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 -  OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 -  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 -  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *====================================================================*/

#include <math.h>
#include "allheaders.h"

static l_int32 boxaTestEvenOddHeight(BOXA *boxa1, BOXA *boxa2, l_int32 start,
                                     l_float32 *pdel1, l_float32 *pdel2);
static l_int32 boxaFillAll(BOXA *boxa);


/*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
 *                        Boxa sequence fitting                        *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------*/
BOXA *
boxaSmoothSequenceLS(BOXA      *boxas,
                     l_float32  factor,
                     l_int32    subflag,
                     l_int32    maxdiff,
                     l_int32    extrapixels,
                     l_int32    debug)
{
l_int32  n;
BOXA    *boxae, *boxao, *boxalfe, *boxalfo, *boxame, *boxamo, *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaSmoothSequenceLS");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (factor <= 0.0) {
        L_WARNING("factor must be > 0.0; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (maxdiff < 0) {
        L_WARNING("maxdiff must be >= 0; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (subflag != L_USE_MINSIZE && subflag != L_USE_MAXSIZE &&
        subflag != L_SUB_ON_LOC_DIFF && subflag != L_SUB_ON_SIZE_DIFF &&
        subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MIN && subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MAX) {
        L_WARNING("invalid subflag; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxas)) < 4) {
        L_WARNING("need at least 4 boxes; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 1, &boxae, &boxao);
    if (debug) {
        lept_mkdir("lept/smooth");
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxae.ba", boxae);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxao.ba", boxao);
    }

    boxalfe = boxaLinearFit(boxae, factor, debug);
    boxalfo = boxaLinearFit(boxao, factor, debug);
    if (debug) {
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxalfe.ba", boxalfe);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxalfo.ba", boxalfo);
    }

    boxame = boxaModifyWithBoxa(boxae, boxalfe, subflag, maxdiff, extrapixels);
    boxamo = boxaModifyWithBoxa(boxao, boxalfo, subflag, maxdiff, extrapixels);
    if (debug) {
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxame.ba", boxame);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxamo.ba", boxamo);
    }

    boxad = boxaMergeEvenOdd(boxame, boxamo, 1);
    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    boxaDestroy(&boxalfe);
    boxaDestroy(&boxalfo);
    boxaDestroy(&boxame);
    boxaDestroy(&boxamo);
    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaSmoothSequenceMedian(BOXA    *boxas,
                         l_int32  halfwin,
                         l_int32  subflag,
                         l_int32  maxdiff,
                         l_int32  extrapixels,
                         l_int32  debug)
{
l_int32  n;
BOXA    *boxae, *boxao, *boxamede, *boxamedo, *boxame, *boxamo, *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaSmoothSequenceMedian");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (halfwin <= 0) {
        L_WARNING("halfwin must be > 0; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (maxdiff < 0) {
        L_WARNING("maxdiff must be >= 0; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (subflag != L_USE_MINSIZE && subflag != L_USE_MAXSIZE &&
        subflag != L_SUB_ON_LOC_DIFF && subflag != L_SUB_ON_SIZE_DIFF &&
        subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MIN && subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MAX) {
        L_WARNING("invalid subflag; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxas)) < 6) {
        L_WARNING("need at least 6 boxes; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
    if (debug) {
        lept_mkdir("lept/smooth");
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxae.ba", boxae);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxao.ba", boxao);
    }

    boxamede = boxaWindowedMedian(boxae, halfwin, debug);
    boxamedo = boxaWindowedMedian(boxao, halfwin, debug);
    if (debug) {
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxamede.ba", boxamede);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxamedo.ba", boxamedo);
    }

    boxame = boxaModifyWithBoxa(boxae, boxamede, subflag, maxdiff, extrapixels);
    boxamo = boxaModifyWithBoxa(boxao, boxamedo, subflag, maxdiff, extrapixels);
    if (debug) {
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxame.ba", boxame);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/lept/smooth/boxamo.ba", boxamo);
    }

    boxad = boxaMergeEvenOdd(boxame, boxamo, 0);
    if (debug) {
        boxaPlotSides(boxas, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSides(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxas, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    boxaDestroy(&boxamede);
    boxaDestroy(&boxamedo);
    boxaDestroy(&boxame);
    boxaDestroy(&boxamo);
    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaLinearFit(BOXA      *boxas,
              l_float32  factor,
              l_int32    debug)
{
l_int32    n, i, w, h, lval, tval, rval, bval, rejectlr, rejecttb;
l_float32  al, bl, at, bt, ar, br, ab, bb;  /* LSF coefficients */
l_float32  medw, medh, medvarw, medvarh;
BOX       *box, *boxempty;
BOXA      *boxalr, *boxatb, *boxad;
NUMA      *naw, *nah;
PTA       *ptal, *ptat, *ptar, *ptab;

    PROCNAME("boxaLinearFit");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxas)) < 2)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("need at least 2 boxes", procName, NULL);

        /* Remove outliers based on width and height.
         * First find the median width and the median deviation from
         * the median width.  Ditto for the height. */
    boxaExtractAsNuma(boxas, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &naw, &nah, 0);
    numaGetMedianDevFromMedian(naw, &medw, &medvarw);
    numaGetMedianDevFromMedian(nah, &medh, &medvarh);
    numaDestroy(&naw);
    numaDestroy(&nah);

    if (debug) {
        fprintf(stderr, "medw = %7.3f, medvarw = %7.3f\n", medw, medvarw);
        fprintf(stderr, "medh = %7.3f, medvarh = %7.3f\n", medh, medvarh);
    }

        /* To fit the left and right sides, only use boxes whose
         * width is within (factor * medvarw) of the median width.
         * Ditto for the top and bottom sides.  Add empty boxes
         * in as placeholders so that the index remains the same
         * as in boxas. */
    boxalr = boxaCreate(n);
    boxatb = boxaCreate(n);
    boxempty = boxCreate(0, 0, 0, 0);  /* placeholders */
    rejectlr = rejecttb = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((box = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_CLONE)) == NULL) {
            boxaAddBox(boxalr, boxempty, L_COPY);
            boxaAddBox(boxatb, boxempty, L_COPY);
            continue;
        }
        boxGetGeometry(box, NULL, NULL, &w, &h);
        if (L_ABS(w - medw) <= factor * medvarw) {
            boxaAddBox(boxalr, box, L_COPY);
        } else {
            rejectlr++;
            boxaAddBox(boxalr, boxempty, L_COPY);
        }
        if (L_ABS(h - medh) <= factor * medvarh) {
            boxaAddBox(boxatb, box, L_COPY);
        } else {
            rejecttb++;
            boxaAddBox(boxatb, boxempty, L_COPY);
        }
        boxDestroy(&box);
    }
    boxDestroy(&boxempty);
    if (boxaGetCount(boxalr) < 2 || boxaGetCount(boxatb) < 2) {
        boxaDestroy(&boxalr);
        boxaDestroy(&boxatb);
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("need at least 2 valid boxes", procName, NULL);
    }

    if (debug) {
        L_INFO("# lr reject = %d, # tb reject = %d\n", procName,
               rejectlr, rejecttb);
        lept_mkdir("linfit");
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/boxalr.ba", boxalr);
        boxaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/boxatb.ba", boxatb);
    }

        /* Extract the valid left and right box sides, along with the box
         * index, from boxalr.  This only extracts pts corresponding to
         * valid boxes.  Ditto: top and bottom sides from boxatb. */
    boxaExtractAsPta(boxalr, &ptal, NULL, &ptar, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
    boxaExtractAsPta(boxatb, NULL, &ptat, NULL, &ptab, NULL, NULL, 0);
    boxaDestroy(&boxalr);
    boxaDestroy(&boxatb);

    if (debug) {
        ptaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/ptal.pta", ptal, 1);
        ptaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/ptar.pta", ptar, 1);
        ptaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/ptat.pta", ptat, 1);
        ptaWriteDebug("/tmp/linfit/ptab.pta", ptab, 1);
    }

        /* Do a linear LSF fit to the points that are width and height
         * validated.  Because we've eliminated the outliers, there is no
         * need to use ptaNoisyLinearLSF(ptal, factor, NULL, &al, &bl, ...) */
    ptaGetLinearLSF(ptal, &al, &bl, NULL);
    ptaGetLinearLSF(ptat, &at, &bt, NULL);
    ptaGetLinearLSF(ptar, &ar, &br, NULL);
    ptaGetLinearLSF(ptab, &ab, &bb, NULL);

        /* Return the LSF smoothed values, interleaved with invalid
         * boxes when the corresponding box in boxas is invalid. */
    boxad = boxaCreate(n);
    boxempty = boxCreate(0, 0, 0, 0);  /* use for placeholders */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        lval = (l_int32)(al * i + bl + 0.5);
        tval = (l_int32)(at * i + bt + 0.5);
        rval = (l_int32)(ar * i + br + 0.5);
        bval = (l_int32)(ab * i + bb + 0.5);
        if ((box = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_CLONE)) == NULL) {
            boxaAddBox(boxad, boxempty, L_COPY);
        } else {
            boxDestroy(&box);
            box = boxCreate(lval, tval, rval - lval + 1, bval - tval + 1);
            boxaAddBox(boxad, box, L_INSERT);
        }
    }
    boxDestroy(&boxempty);

    if (debug) {
        boxaPlotSides(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    ptaDestroy(&ptal);
    ptaDestroy(&ptat);
    ptaDestroy(&ptar);
    ptaDestroy(&ptab);
    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaWindowedMedian(BOXA    *boxas,
                   l_int32  halfwin,
                   l_int32  debug)
{
l_int32  n, i, left, top, right, bot;
BOX     *box;
BOXA    *boxaf, *boxad;
NUMA    *nal, *nat, *nar, *nab, *naml, *namt, *namr, *namb;

    PROCNAME("boxaWindowedMedian");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxas)) < 3) {
        L_WARNING("less than 3 boxes; returning a copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (halfwin <= 0) {
        L_WARNING("halfwin must be > 0; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

        /* Fill invalid boxes in the input sequence */
    if ((boxaf = boxaFillSequence(boxas, L_USE_ALL_BOXES, debug)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("filled boxa not made", procName, NULL);

        /* Get the windowed median output from each of the sides */
    boxaExtractAsNuma(boxaf, &nal, &nat, &nar, &nab, NULL, NULL, 0);
    naml = numaWindowedMedian(nal, halfwin);
    namt = numaWindowedMedian(nat, halfwin);
    namr = numaWindowedMedian(nar, halfwin);
    namb = numaWindowedMedian(nab, halfwin);

    n = boxaGetCount(boxaf);
    boxad = boxaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        numaGetIValue(naml, i, &left);
        numaGetIValue(namt, i, &top);
        numaGetIValue(namr, i, &right);
        numaGetIValue(namb, i, &bot);
        box = boxCreate(left, top, right - left + 1, bot - top + 1);
        boxaAddBox(boxad, box, L_INSERT);
    }

    if (debug) {
        boxaPlotSides(boxaf, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSides(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxaf, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxad, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    boxaDestroy(&boxaf);
    numaDestroy(&nal);
    numaDestroy(&nat);
    numaDestroy(&nar);
    numaDestroy(&nab);
    numaDestroy(&naml);
    numaDestroy(&namt);
    numaDestroy(&namr);
    numaDestroy(&namb);
    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaModifyWithBoxa(BOXA    *boxas,
                   BOXA    *boxam,
                   l_int32  subflag,
                   l_int32  maxdiff,
                   l_int32  extrapixels)
{
l_int32  n, i, ls, ts, rs, bs, ws, hs, lm, tm, rm, bm, wm, hm, ld, td, rd, bd;
BOX     *boxs, *boxm, *boxd, *boxempty;
BOXA    *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaModifyWithBoxa");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (!boxam) {
        L_WARNING("boxam not defined; returning copy", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (subflag != L_USE_MINSIZE && subflag != L_USE_MAXSIZE &&
        subflag != L_SUB_ON_LOC_DIFF && subflag != L_SUB_ON_SIZE_DIFF &&
        subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MIN && subflag != L_USE_CAPPED_MAX) {
        L_WARNING("invalid subflag; returning copy", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    if (n != boxaGetCount(boxam)) {
        L_WARNING("boxas and boxam sizes differ; returning copy", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

    boxad = boxaCreate(n);
    boxempty = boxCreate(0, 0, 0, 0);  /* placeholders */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        boxs = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_CLONE);
        boxm = boxaGetValidBox(boxam, i, L_CLONE);
        if (!boxs || !boxm) {
            boxaAddBox(boxad, boxempty, L_COPY);
        } else {
            boxGetGeometry(boxs, &ls, &ts, &ws, &hs);
            boxGetGeometry(boxm, &lm, &tm, &wm, &hm);
            rs = ls + ws - 1;
            bs = ts + hs - 1;
            rm = lm + wm - 1;
            bm = tm + hm - 1;
            if (subflag == L_USE_MINSIZE) {
                ld = L_MAX(ls, lm);
                rd = L_MIN(rs, rm);
                td = L_MAX(ts, tm);
                bd = L_MIN(bs, bm);
            } else if (subflag == L_USE_MAXSIZE) {
                ld = L_MIN(ls, lm);
                rd = L_MAX(rs, rm);
                td = L_MIN(ts, tm);
                bd = L_MAX(bs, bm);
            } else if (subflag == L_SUB_ON_LOC_DIFF) {
                ld = (L_ABS(lm - ls) <= maxdiff) ? ls : lm - extrapixels;
                td = (L_ABS(tm - ts) <= maxdiff) ? ts : tm - extrapixels;
                rd = (L_ABS(rm - rs) <= maxdiff) ? rs : rm + extrapixels;
                bd = (L_ABS(bm - bs) <= maxdiff) ? bs : bm + extrapixels;
            } else if (subflag == L_SUB_ON_SIZE_DIFF) {
                ld = (L_ABS(wm - ws) <= maxdiff) ? ls : lm - extrapixels;
                td = (L_ABS(hm - hs) <= maxdiff) ? ts : tm - extrapixels;
                rd = (L_ABS(wm - ws) <= maxdiff) ? rs : rm + extrapixels;
                bd = (L_ABS(hm - hs) <= maxdiff) ? bs : bm + extrapixels;
            } else if (subflag == L_USE_CAPPED_MIN) {
                ld = L_MAX(lm, L_MIN(ls, lm + maxdiff));
                td = L_MAX(tm, L_MIN(ts, tm + maxdiff));
                rd = L_MIN(rm, L_MAX(rs, rm - maxdiff));
                bd = L_MIN(bm, L_MAX(bs, bm - maxdiff));
            } else {  /* subflag == L_USE_CAPPED_MAX */
                ld = L_MIN(lm, L_MAX(ls, lm - maxdiff));
                td = L_MIN(tm, L_MAX(ts, tm - maxdiff));
                rd = L_MAX(rm, L_MIN(rs, rm + maxdiff));
                bd = L_MAX(bm, L_MIN(bs, bm + maxdiff));
            }
            boxd = boxCreate(ld, td, rd - ld + 1, bd - td + 1);
            boxaAddBox(boxad, boxd, L_INSERT);
        }
        boxDestroy(&boxs);
        boxDestroy(&boxm);
    }
    boxDestroy(&boxempty);

    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaConstrainSize(BOXA    *boxas,
                  l_int32  width,
                  l_int32  widthflag,
                  l_int32  height,
                  l_int32  heightflag)
{
l_int32  n, i, x, y, w, h, invalid;
l_int32  delw, delh, del_left, del_right, del_top, del_bot;
BOX     *medbox, *boxs, *boxd;
BOXA    *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaConstrainSize");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);

        /* Need median values if requested or if there are invalid boxes */
    invalid = boxaGetCount(boxas) - boxaGetValidCount(boxas);
    medbox = NULL;
    if (width == 0 || height == 0 || invalid > 0) {
        if (boxaGetMedianVals(boxas, &x, &y, NULL, NULL, &w, &h)) {
            L_ERROR("median vals not returned", procName);
            return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
        }
        medbox = boxCreate(x, y, w, h);
        if (width == 0) width = w;
        if (height == 0) height = h;
    }

    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    boxad = boxaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if ((boxs = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_COPY)) == NULL)
            boxs = boxCopy(medbox);
        boxGetGeometry(boxs, NULL, NULL, &w, &h);
        delw = width - w;
        delh = height - h;
        del_left = del_right = del_top = del_bot = 0;
        if (widthflag == L_ADJUST_LEFT) {
            del_left = -delw;
        } else if (widthflag == L_ADJUST_RIGHT) {
            del_right = delw;
        } else {
            del_left = -delw / 2;
            del_right = delw / 2 + L_SIGN(delw) * (delw & 1);
        }
        if (heightflag == L_ADJUST_TOP) {
            del_top = -delh;
        } else if (heightflag == L_ADJUST_BOT) {
            del_bot = delh;
        } else {
            del_top = -delh / 2;
            del_bot = delh / 2 + L_SIGN(delh) * (delh & 1);
        }
        boxd = boxAdjustSides(NULL, boxs, del_left, del_right,
                              del_top, del_bot);
        boxaAddBox(boxad, boxd, L_INSERT);
        boxDestroy(&boxs);
    }

    boxDestroy(&medbox);
    return boxad;
}


BOXA *
boxaReconcileEvenOddHeight(BOXA      *boxas,
                           l_int32    sides,
                           l_int32    delh,
                           l_int32    op,
                           l_float32  factor,
                           l_int32    start)
{
l_int32    n, he, ho, hmed, doeven;
l_float32  del1, del2;
BOXA      *boxae, *boxao, *boxa1e, *boxa1o, *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaReconcileEvenOddHeight");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (sides != L_ADJUST_TOP && sides != L_ADJUST_BOT &&
        sides != L_ADJUST_TOP_AND_BOT) {
        L_WARNING("no action requested; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if ((n = boxaGetValidCount(boxas)) < 6) {
        L_WARNING("need at least 6 valid boxes; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (factor <= 0.0) {
        L_WARNING("invalid factor; setting to 1.0\n", procName);
        factor = 1.0;
    }

        /* Require at least 3 valid boxes of both types */
    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
    if (boxaGetValidCount(boxae) < 3 || boxaGetValidCount(boxao) < 3) {
        boxaDestroy(&boxae);
        boxaDestroy(&boxao);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

        /* Get the median heights for each set */
    boxaGetMedianVals(boxae, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &he);
    boxaGetMedianVals(boxao, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &ho);
    L_INFO("median he = %d, median ho = %d\n", procName, he, ho);

        /* If the difference in median height reaches the threshold %delh,
         * only adjust the side(s) of one of the sets.  If we choose
         * the minimum median height as the target, allow the target
         * to be scaled by a factor, typically near 1.0, of the
         * minimum median height.  And similarly if the target is
         * the maximum median height. */
    if (L_ABS(he - ho) > delh) {
        if (op == L_ADJUST_CHOOSE_MIN) {
            doeven = (ho < he) ? TRUE : FALSE;
            hmed = (l_int32)(factor * L_MIN(he, ho));
            hmed = L_MIN(hmed, L_MAX(he, ho));  /* don't make it bigger! */
        } else {  /* max height */
            doeven = (ho > he) ? TRUE : FALSE;
            hmed = (l_int32)(factor * L_MAX(he, ho));
            hmed = L_MAX(hmed, L_MIN(he, ho));  /* don't make it smaller! */
        }
        if (doeven) {
            boxa1e = boxaAdjustHeightToTarget(NULL, boxae, sides, hmed, delh);
            boxa1o = boxaCopy(boxao, L_COPY);
        } else {  /* !doeven */
            boxa1e = boxaCopy(boxae, L_COPY);
            boxa1o = boxaAdjustHeightToTarget(NULL, boxao, sides, hmed, delh);
        }
    } else {
        boxa1e = boxaCopy(boxae, L_CLONE);
        boxa1o = boxaCopy(boxao, L_CLONE);
    }
    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);

        /* It can happen that the median is not a good measure for an
         * entire book.  In that case, the reconciliation above can do
         * more harm than good.  Sanity check by comparing height and y
         * differences of adjacent even/odd boxes, before and after
         * reconciliation.  */
    boxad = boxaMergeEvenOdd(boxa1e, boxa1o, 0);
    boxaTestEvenOddHeight(boxas, boxad, start, &del1, &del2);
    boxaDestroy(&boxa1e);
    boxaDestroy(&boxa1o);
    if (del2 < del1 + 10.)
        return boxad;

        /* Using the median made it worse.  Skip reconciliation:
         * forcing all pairs of top and bottom values to have
         * maximum extent does not improve the situation either. */
    L_INFO("Got worse: del2 = %f > del1 = %f\n", procName, del2, del1);
    boxaDestroy(&boxad);
    return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
}


static l_int32
boxaTestEvenOddHeight(BOXA       *boxa1,
                      BOXA       *boxa2,
                      l_int32     start,
                      l_float32  *pdel1,
                      l_float32  *pdel2)
{
l_int32    i, n, npairs, y1a, y1b, y2a, y2b, h1a, h1b, h2a, h2b;
l_float32  del1, del2;

    PROCNAME("boxaTestEvenOddHeight");

    if (pdel1) *pdel1 = 0.0;
    if (pdel2) *pdel2 = 0.0;
    if (!pdel1 || !pdel2)
        return ERROR_INT("&del1 and &del2 not both defined", procName, 1);
    if (!boxa1 || !boxa2)
        return ERROR_INT("boxa1 and boxa2 not both defined", procName, 1);
    n = L_MIN(boxaGetCount(boxa1), boxaGetCount(boxa2));

        /* For boxa1 and boxa2 separately, we expect the y and h values
         * to be similar for adjacent boxes.  Get a measure of similarity
         * by finding the sum of squares of differences between
         * y values and between h values, and adding them. */
    del1 = del2 = 0.0;
    npairs = (n - start) / 2;
    for (i = start; i < 2 * npairs; i += 2) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxa1, i, NULL, &y1a, NULL, &h1a);
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxa1, i + 1, NULL, &y1b, NULL, &h1b);
        del1 += (l_float32)(y1a - y1b) * (y1a - y1b)
             + (h1a - h1b) * (h1a - h1b);
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxa2, i, NULL, &y2a, NULL, &h2a);
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxa2, i + 1, NULL, &y2b, NULL, &h2b);
        del2 += (l_float32)(y2a - y2b) * (y2a - y2b)
             + (h2a - h2b) * (h2a - h2b);
    }

        /* Get the root of the average of the sum of square differences */
    *pdel1 = (l_float32)sqrt((l_float64)del1 / (0.5 * n));
    *pdel2 = (l_float32)sqrt((l_float64)del2 / (0.5 * n));
    return 0;
}


BOXA *
boxaReconcilePairWidth(BOXA      *boxas,
                       l_int32    delw,
                       l_int32    op,
                       l_float32  factor,
                       NUMA      *na)
{
l_int32  i, ne, no, nmin, xe, we, xo, wo, inde, indo, x, w;
BOX     *boxe, *boxo;
BOXA    *boxae, *boxao, *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaReconcilePairWidth");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (factor <= 0.0) {
        L_WARNING("invalid factor; setting to 1.0\n", procName);
        factor = 1.0;
    }

        /* Taking the boxes in pairs, if the difference in width reaches
         * the threshold %delw, adjust the left or right side of one
         * of the pair. */
    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
    ne = boxaGetCount(boxae);
    no = boxaGetCount(boxao);
    nmin = L_MIN(ne, no);
    for (i = 0; i < nmin; i++) {
            /* Set indicator values */
        if (na) {
            numaGetIValue(na, 2 * i, &inde);
            numaGetIValue(na, 2 * i + 1, &indo);
        } else {
            inde = indo = 1;
        }
        if (inde == 0 && indo == 0) continue;

        boxe = boxaGetBox(boxae, i, L_CLONE);
        boxo = boxaGetBox(boxao, i, L_CLONE);
        boxGetGeometry(boxe, &xe, NULL, &we, NULL);
        boxGetGeometry(boxo, &xo, NULL, &wo, NULL);
        if (we == 0 || wo == 0) {  /* if either is invalid; skip */
            boxDestroy(&boxe);
            boxDestroy(&boxo);
            continue;
        } else if (L_ABS(we - wo) > delw) {
            if (op == L_ADJUST_CHOOSE_MIN) {
                if (we > wo && inde == 1) {
                        /* move left side of even to the right */
                    w = factor * wo;
                    x = xe + (we - w);
                    boxSetGeometry(boxe, x, -1, w, -1);
                } else if (we < wo && indo == 1) {
                        /* move right side of odd to the left */
                    w = factor * we;
                    boxSetGeometry(boxo, -1, -1, w, -1);
                }
            } else {  /* maximize width */
                if (we < wo && inde == 1) {
                        /* move left side of even to the left */
                    w = factor * wo;
                    x = L_MAX(0, xe + (we - w));
                    w = we + (xe - x);  /* covers both cases for the max */
                    boxSetGeometry(boxe, x, -1, w, -1);
                } else if (we > wo && indo == 1) {
                        /* move right side of odd to the right */
                    w = factor * we;
                    boxSetGeometry(boxo, -1, -1, w, -1);
                }
            }
        }
        boxDestroy(&boxe);
        boxDestroy(&boxo);
    }

    boxad = boxaMergeEvenOdd(boxae, boxao, 0);
    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    return boxad;
}


l_ok
boxaSizeConsistency1(BOXA       *boxas,
                     l_int32     type,
                     l_float32   threshp,
                     l_float32   threshm,
                     l_float32  *pfvarp,
                     l_float32  *pfvarm,
                     l_int32    *psame)
{
l_int32    i, n, bw1, bh1, bw2, bh2, npairs;
l_float32  ave, fdiff, sumdiff, med, fvarp, fvarm;
NUMA      *na1;

    PROCNAME("boxaSizeConsistency1");

    if (pfvarp) *pfvarp = 0.0;
    if (pfvarm) *pfvarm = 0.0;
    if (!psame)
        return ERROR_INT("&same not defined", procName, 1);
    *psame = -1;
    if (!boxas)
        return ERROR_INT("boxas not defined", procName, 1);
    if (boxaGetValidCount(boxas) < 6)
        return ERROR_INT("need a least 6 valid boxes", procName, 1);
    if (type != L_CHECK_WIDTH && type != L_CHECK_HEIGHT)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid type", procName, 1);
    if (threshp < 0.0 || threshp >= 0.5)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid threshp", procName, 1);
    if (threshm < 0.0 || threshm >= 0.5)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid threshm", procName, 1);
    if (threshp == 0.0) threshp = 0.02;
    if (threshm == 0.0) threshm = 0.015;

        /* Evaluate pairwise variation */
    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    na1 = numaCreate(0);
    for (i = 0, npairs = 0, sumdiff = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxas, i, NULL, NULL, &bw1, &bh1);
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxas, i + 1, NULL, NULL, &bw2, &bh2);
        if (bw1 == 0 || bh1 == 0 || bw2 == 0 || bh2 == 0)
            continue;
        npairs++;
        if (type == L_CHECK_WIDTH) {
            ave = (bw1 + bw2) / 2.0;
            fdiff = L_ABS(bw1 - bw2) / ave;
            numaAddNumber(na1, bw1);
            numaAddNumber(na1, bw2);
        } else {  /* type == L_CHECK_HEIGHT) */
            ave = (bh1 + bh2) / 2.0;
            fdiff = L_ABS(bh1 - bh2) / ave;
            numaAddNumber(na1, bh1);
            numaAddNumber(na1, bh2);
        }
        sumdiff += fdiff;
    }
    fvarp = sumdiff / npairs;
    if (pfvarp) *pfvarp = fvarp;

        /* Evaluate the average abs fractional deviation from the median */
    numaGetMedian(na1, &med);
    if (med == 0.0) {
        L_WARNING("median value is 0\n", procName);
    } else {
        numaGetMeanDevFromMedian(na1, med, &fvarm);
        fvarm /= med;
        if (pfvarm) *pfvarm = fvarm;
    }
    numaDestroy(&na1);

        /* Make decision */
    if (fvarp < threshp && fvarm < threshm)
        *psame = 1;
    else if (fvarp < threshp && fvarm > threshm)
        *psame = 0;
    else
        *psame = -1;  /* unknown */
    return 0;
}


l_ok
boxaSizeConsistency2(BOXA       *boxas,
                     l_float32  *pfdevw,
                     l_float32  *pfdevh,
                     l_int32     debug)
{
l_int32    i, n, bw1, bh1, bw2, bh2, npairs;
l_float32  medw, medh, devw, devh, minw, maxw, minh, w;
BOX       *box;
BOXA      *boxa1;
NUMA      *naw, *nah;
PIX       *pix1, *pix2, *pix3;
PIXA      *pixa;

    PROCNAME("boxaSizeConsistency2");

    if (pfdevw) *pfdevw = 0.0;
    if (pfdevh) *pfdevh = 0.0;
    if (!boxas)
        return ERROR_INT("boxas not defined", procName, 1);
    if (!pfdevw || !pfdevh)
        return ERROR_INT("&fdevw and &fdevh not both defined", procName, 1);
    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    if (n < 10) {
        L_WARNING("small boxa; assuming OK", procName);
        return 0;
    }

        /* Regularize w and h in pairs; skip last box if n is odd */
    boxa1 = (debug) ? boxaCreate(n) : NULL;
    naw = numaCreate(0);
    nah = numaCreate(0);
    for (i = 0, npairs = 0; i < n - 1; i += 2) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxas, i, NULL, NULL, &bw1, &bh1);
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxas, i + 1, NULL, NULL, &bw2, &bh2);
        if (bw1 == 0 || bh1 == 0 || bw2 == 0 || bh2 == 0)
            continue;
        npairs++;
        minw = (l_float32)L_MIN(bw1, bw2);
        maxw = (l_float32)L_MAX(bw1, bw2);
        minh = (l_float32)L_MIN(bh1, bh2);
        w = (minw / minh > 0.5) ? minw : maxw;
        numaAddNumber(naw, w);
        numaAddNumber(nah, minh);
        if (debug) {
            box = boxCreate(0, 0, w, minh);
            boxaAddBox(boxa1, box, L_COPY);
            boxaAddBox(boxa1, box, L_INSERT);
        }
    }
    if (npairs == 0) {
        L_WARNING("no valid box pairs\n", procName);
        numaDestroy(&naw);
        numaDestroy(&nah);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa1);
    }

        /* Get the median value of the regularized sizes, and find
         * the average absolute fractional deviation from the median. */
    numaGetMedian(naw, &medw);
    numaGetMedian(nah, &medh);
    numaGetMeanDevFromMedian(naw, medw, &devw);
    numaGetMeanDevFromMedian(nah, medh, &devh);
    *pfdevw = devw / medw;
    *pfdevh = devh / medh;
    if (debug) {
        fprintf(stderr, "medw = %5.1f, medh = %5.1f\n", medw, medh);
        fprintf(stderr, "fdevw = %6.3f, fdevh = %6.3f\n", *pfdevw, *pfdevh);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxas, "input_boxa", NULL, NULL, &pix1);
        boxaPlotSizes(boxa1, "regularized_boxa", NULL, NULL, &pix2);
        pixDisplay(pix1, 500, 0);
        pixDisplay(pix2, 500, 1000);
        pixa = pixaCreate(2);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_INSERT);
        pix3 = pixaDisplayTiledInColumns(pixa, 2, 1.0, 3, 2);
        lept_mkdir("lept/boxa");
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/boxa/eval.png", pix3, IFF_PNG);
        pixDisplay(pix3, 100, 100);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
        pixaDestroy(&pixa);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa1);
    }

    numaDestroy(&naw);
    numaDestroy(&nah);
    return 0;
}


BOXA *
boxaReconcileSizeByMedian(BOXA       *boxas,
                          l_int32     type,
                          l_float32   fract,
                          l_float32   factor,
                          NUMA      **pnadelw,
                          NUMA      **pnadelh,
                          l_float32  *pratiowh)
{
l_int32    i, n, ne, no, outfound, isvalid, ind, ldist, rdist, tdist, bdist;
l_int32    medw, medh, newloc, bw, bh, left, right, top, bot;
l_int32    medleft, medlefte, medlefto, medright, medrighte, medrighto;
l_int32    medtop, medtope, medtopo, medbot, medbote, medboto;
l_float32  brat;
BOX       *box;
BOXA      *boxa1, *boxae, *boxao, *boxad;
NUMA      *naind, *nadelw, *nadelh;

    PROCNAME("boxaReconcileSizeByMedian");

    if (pnadelw) *pnadelw = NULL;
    if (pnadelh) *pnadelh = NULL;
    if (pratiowh) *pratiowh = 0.0;
    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (type != L_CHECK_WIDTH && type != L_CHECK_HEIGHT &&
        type != L_CHECK_BOTH) {
        L_WARNING("invalid type; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (fract <= 0.0 || fract >= 1.0) {
        L_WARNING("invalid fract; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }
    if (factor < 0.7 || factor > 1.4)
        L_WARNING("factor %5.3f is typ. closer to 1.0\n", procName, factor);
    if (boxaGetValidCount(boxas) < 6) {
        L_WARNING("need at least 6 valid boxes; returning copy\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

        /* If reconciling both width and height, optionally return array of
         * median deviations and even/odd ratio for width measurements */
    if (type == L_CHECK_BOTH) {
        boxa1 = boxaReconcileSizeByMedian(boxas, L_CHECK_WIDTH, fract,
                                          factor, pnadelw, NULL, pratiowh);
        boxad = boxaReconcileSizeByMedian(boxa1, L_CHECK_HEIGHT, fract,
                                          factor, NULL, pnadelh, NULL);
        boxaDestroy(&boxa1);
        return boxad;
    }

    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    naind = numaCreate(n);  /* outlier indicator array */
    boxae = boxaCreate(0);  /* even inliers */
    boxao = boxaCreate(0);  /* odd inliers */
    outfound = FALSE;
    if (type == L_CHECK_WIDTH) {
        boxaMedianDimensions(boxas, &medw, &medh, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                             &nadelw, NULL);
        if (pratiowh) {
            *pratiowh = (l_float32)medw / (l_float32)medh;
            L_INFO("median ratio w/h = %5.3f\n", procName, *pratiowh);
        }
        if (pnadelw)
            *pnadelw = nadelw;
        else
            numaDestroy(&nadelw);

            /* Check for outliers; assemble inliers */
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if ((box = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_COPY)) == NULL) {
                numaAddNumber(naind, 0);
                continue;
            }
            boxGetGeometry(box, NULL, NULL, &bw, NULL);
            brat = (l_float32)bw / (l_float32)medw;
            if (brat < 1.0 - fract || brat > 1.0 + fract) {
                outfound = TRUE;
                numaAddNumber(naind, 1);
                boxDestroy(&box);
            } else {  /* add to inliers */
                numaAddNumber(naind, 0);
                if (i % 2 == 0)
                    boxaAddBox(boxae, box, L_INSERT);
                else
                    boxaAddBox(boxao, box, L_INSERT);
            }
        }
        if (!outfound) {  /* nothing to do */
            numaDestroy(&naind);
            boxaDestroy(&boxae);
            boxaDestroy(&boxao);
            L_INFO("no width outlier boxes found\n", procName);
            return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
        }

            /* Get left/right parameters from inliers.  Handle the case
             * where there are no inliers for one of the sets.  For example,
             * when all the even boxes have a different dimension from
             * the odd boxes, and the median arbitrarily gets assigned
             * to the even boxes, there are no odd inliers; in that case,
             * use the even inliers sides to decide whether to adjust
             * the left or the right sides of individual outliers. */
        L_INFO("fixing width of outlier boxes\n", procName);
        medlefte = medrighte = medlefto = medrighto = 0;
        if ((ne = boxaGetValidCount(boxae)) > 0)
            boxaGetMedianVals(boxae, &medlefte, NULL, &medrighte, NULL,
                              NULL, NULL);
        if ((no = boxaGetValidCount(boxao)) > 0)
            boxaGetMedianVals(boxao, &medlefto, NULL, &medrighto, NULL,
                              NULL, NULL);
        if (ne == 0) {  /* use odd inliers values for both */
            medlefte = medlefto;
            medrighte = medrighto;
        } else if (no == 0) {  /* use even inliers values for both */
            medlefto = medlefte;
            medrighto = medrighte;
        }

            /* Adjust sides of outliers */
        boxad = boxaCreate(n);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            box = boxaGetBox(boxas, i, L_COPY);
            boxIsValid(box, &isvalid);
            numaGetIValue(naind, i, &ind);
            medleft = (i % 2 == 0) ? medlefte : medlefto;
            medright = (i % 2 == 0) ? medrighte : medrighto;
            if (ind == 1 && isvalid) {  /* adjust side */
                boxGetSideLocations(box, &left, &right, NULL, NULL);
                ldist = L_ABS(left - medleft);
                rdist = L_ABS(right - medright);
                if (ldist > rdist) {  /* adjust left */
                    newloc = L_MAX(0, right - factor * medw);
                    boxSetSide(box, L_SET_LEFT, newloc, 0);
                } else {
                    newloc = left + factor * medw;
                    boxSetSide(box, L_SET_RIGHT, newloc, 0);
                }
            }
            boxaAddBox(boxad, box, L_INSERT);
        }
    } else {  /* L_CHECK_HEIGHT */
        boxaMedianDimensions(boxas, &medw, &medh, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                             NULL, &nadelh);
        if (pratiowh) {
            *pratiowh = (l_float32)medw / (l_float32)medh;
            L_INFO("median ratio w/h = %5.3f\n", procName, *pratiowh);
        }
        if (pnadelh)
            *pnadelh = nadelh;
        else
            numaDestroy(&nadelh);

            /* Check for outliers; assemble inliers */
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if ((box = boxaGetValidBox(boxas, i, L_COPY)) == NULL) {
                numaAddNumber(naind, 0);
                continue;
            }
            boxGetGeometry(box, NULL, NULL, NULL, &bh);
            brat = (l_float32)bh / (l_float32)medh;
            if (brat < 1.0 - fract || brat > 1.0 + fract) {
                outfound = TRUE;
                numaAddNumber(naind, 1);
                boxDestroy(&box);
            } else {  /* add to inliers */
                numaAddNumber(naind, 0);
                if (i % 2 == 0)
                    boxaAddBox(boxae, box, L_INSERT);
                else
                    boxaAddBox(boxao, box, L_INSERT);
            }
        }
        if (!outfound) {  /* nothing to do */
            numaDestroy(&naind);
            boxaDestroy(&boxae);
            boxaDestroy(&boxao);
            L_INFO("no height outlier boxes found\n", procName);
            return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
        }

            /* Get top/bot parameters from inliers.  Handle the case
             * where there are no inliers for one of the sets.  For example,
             * when all the even boxes have a different dimension from
             * the odd boxes, and the median arbitrarily gets assigned
             * to the even boxes, there are no odd inliers; in that case,
             * use the even inlier sides to decide whether to adjust
             * the top or the bottom sides of individual outliers. */
        L_INFO("fixing height of outlier boxes\n", procName);
        medlefte = medtope = medbote = medtopo = medboto = 0;
        if ((ne = boxaGetValidCount(boxae)) > 0)
            boxaGetMedianVals(boxae, NULL, &medtope, NULL, &medbote,
                              NULL, NULL);
        if ((no = boxaGetValidCount(boxao)) > 0)
            boxaGetMedianVals(boxao, NULL, &medtopo, NULL, &medboto,
                              NULL, NULL);
        if (ne == 0) {  /* use odd inliers values for both */
            medtope = medtopo;
            medbote = medboto;
        } else if (no == 0) {  /* use even inliers values for both */
            medtopo = medtope;
            medboto = medbote;
        }

            /* Adjust sides of outliers */
        boxad = boxaCreate(n);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            box = boxaGetBox(boxas, i, L_COPY);
            boxIsValid(box, &isvalid);
            numaGetIValue(naind, i, &ind);
            medtop = (i % 2 == 0) ? medtope : medtopo;
            medbot = (i % 2 == 0) ? medbote : medboto;
            if (ind == 1 && isvalid) {  /* adjust side */
                boxGetSideLocations(box, NULL, NULL, &top, &bot);
                tdist = L_ABS(top - medtop);
                bdist = L_ABS(bot - medbot);
                if (tdist > bdist) {  /* adjust top */
                    newloc = L_MAX(0, bot - factor * medh);
                    boxSetSide(box, L_SET_TOP, newloc, 0);
                } else {  /* adjust bottom */
                    newloc = top + factor * medh;
                    boxSetSide(box, L_SET_BOT, newloc, 0);
                }
            }
            boxaAddBox(boxad, box, L_INSERT);
        }
    }
    numaDestroy(&naind);
    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    return boxad;
}


l_ok
boxaPlotSides(BOXA        *boxa,
              const char  *plotname,
              NUMA       **pnal,
              NUMA       **pnat,
              NUMA       **pnar,
              NUMA       **pnab,
              PIX        **ppixd)
{
char            buf[128], titlebuf[128];
static l_int32  plotid = 0;
l_int32         n, i, w, h, left, top, right, bot;
BOXA           *boxat;
GPLOT          *gplot;
NUMA           *nal, *nat, *nar, *nab;

    PROCNAME("boxaPlotSides");

    if (pnal) *pnal = NULL;
    if (pnat) *pnat = NULL;
    if (pnar) *pnar = NULL;
    if (pnab) *pnab = NULL;
    if (ppixd) *ppixd = NULL;
    if (!boxa)
        return ERROR_INT("boxa not defined", procName, 1);
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxa)) < 2)
        return ERROR_INT("less than 2 boxes", procName, 1);

    boxat = boxaFillSequence(boxa, L_USE_ALL_BOXES, 0);

        /* Build the numas for each side */
    nal = numaCreate(n);
    nat = numaCreate(n);
    nar = numaCreate(n);
    nab = numaCreate(n);

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxat, i, &left, &top, &w, &h);
        right = left + w - 1;
        bot = top + h - 1;
        numaAddNumber(nal, left);
        numaAddNumber(nat, top);
        numaAddNumber(nar, right);
        numaAddNumber(nab, bot);
    }
    boxaDestroy(&boxat);

    lept_mkdir("lept/plots");
    if (plotname) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/lept/plots/sides.%s", plotname);
        snprintf(titlebuf, sizeof(titlebuf), "%s: Box sides vs. box index",
                 plotname);
    } else {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/lept/plots/sides.%d", plotid++);
        snprintf(titlebuf, sizeof(titlebuf), "Box sides vs. box index");
    }
    gplot = gplotCreate(buf, GPLOT_PNG, titlebuf,
                        "box index", "side location");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, nal, GPLOT_LINES, "left side");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, nat, GPLOT_LINES, "top side");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, nar, GPLOT_LINES, "right side");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, nab, GPLOT_LINES, "bottom side");
    gplotMakeOutput(gplot);
    gplotDestroy(&gplot);

    if (ppixd) {
        stringCat(buf, sizeof(buf), ".png");
        *ppixd = pixRead(buf);
    }

    if (pnal)
        *pnal = nal;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nal);
    if (pnat)
        *pnat = nat;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nat);
    if (pnar)
        *pnar = nar;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nar);
    if (pnab)
        *pnab = nab;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nab);
    return 0;
}


l_ok
boxaPlotSizes(BOXA        *boxa,
              const char  *plotname,
              NUMA       **pnaw,
              NUMA       **pnah,
              PIX        **ppixd)
{
char            buf[128], titlebuf[128];
static l_int32  plotid = 0;
l_int32         n, i, w, h;
BOXA           *boxat;
GPLOT          *gplot;
NUMA           *naw, *nah;

    PROCNAME("boxaPlotSizes");

    if (pnaw) *pnaw = NULL;
    if (pnah) *pnah = NULL;
    if (ppixd) *ppixd = NULL;
    if (!boxa)
        return ERROR_INT("boxa not defined", procName, 1);
    if ((n = boxaGetCount(boxa)) < 2)
        return ERROR_INT("less than 2 boxes", procName, 1);

    boxat = boxaFillSequence(boxa, L_USE_ALL_BOXES, 0);

        /* Build the numas for the width and height */
    naw = numaCreate(n);
    nah = numaCreate(n);

    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxat, i, NULL, NULL, &w, &h);
        numaAddNumber(naw, w);
        numaAddNumber(nah, h);
    }
    boxaDestroy(&boxat);

    lept_mkdir("lept/plots");
    if (plotname) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/lept/plots/size.%s", plotname);
        snprintf(titlebuf, sizeof(titlebuf), "%s: Box size vs. box index",
                 plotname);
    } else {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/lept/plots/size.%d", plotid++);
        snprintf(titlebuf, sizeof(titlebuf), "Box size vs. box index");
    }
    gplot = gplotCreate(buf, GPLOT_PNG, titlebuf,
                        "box index", "box dimension");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, naw, GPLOT_LINES, "width");
    gplotAddPlot(gplot, NULL, nah, GPLOT_LINES, "height");
    gplotMakeOutput(gplot);
    gplotDestroy(&gplot);

    if (ppixd) {
        stringCat(buf, sizeof(buf), ".png");
        *ppixd = pixRead(buf);
    }

    if (pnaw)
        *pnaw = naw;
    else
        numaDestroy(&naw);
    if (pnah)
        *pnah = nah;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nah);
    return 0;
}


BOXA *
boxaFillSequence(BOXA    *boxas,
                 l_int32  useflag,
                 l_int32  debug)
{
l_int32  n, nv;
BOXA    *boxae, *boxao, *boxad;

    PROCNAME("boxaFillSequence");

    if (!boxas)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxas not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (useflag != L_USE_ALL_BOXES && useflag != L_USE_SAME_PARITY_BOXES)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("invalid useflag", procName, NULL);

    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    nv = boxaGetValidCount(boxas);
    if (n == nv)
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);  /* all valid */
    if (debug)
        L_INFO("%d valid boxes, %d invalid boxes\n", procName, nv, n - nv);
    if (useflag == L_USE_SAME_PARITY_BOXES && n < 3) {
        L_WARNING("n < 3; some invalid\n", procName);
        return boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
    }

    if (useflag == L_USE_ALL_BOXES) {
        boxad = boxaCopy(boxas, L_COPY);
        boxaFillAll(boxad);
    } else {
        boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
        boxaFillAll(boxae);
        boxaFillAll(boxao);
        boxad = boxaMergeEvenOdd(boxae, boxao, 0);
        boxaDestroy(&boxae);
        boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    }

    nv = boxaGetValidCount(boxad);
    if (n != nv)
        L_WARNING("there are still %d invalid boxes\n", procName, n - nv);

    return boxad;
}


static l_int32
boxaFillAll(BOXA  *boxa)
{
l_int32   n, nv, i, j, spandown, spanup;
l_int32  *indic;
BOX      *box, *boxt;

    PROCNAME("boxaFillAll");

    if (!boxa)
        return ERROR_INT("boxa not defined", procName, 1);
    n = boxaGetCount(boxa);
    nv = boxaGetValidCount(boxa);
    if (n == nv) return 0;
    if (nv == 0) {
        L_WARNING("no valid boxes out of %d boxes\n", procName, n);
        return 0;
    }

        /* Make indicator array for valid boxes */
    if ((indic = (l_int32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(n, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("indic not made", procName, 1);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        box = boxaGetValidBox(boxa, i, L_CLONE);
        if (box)
            indic[i] = 1;
        boxDestroy(&box);
    }

        /* Replace invalid boxes with the nearest valid one */
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        box = boxaGetValidBox(boxa, i, L_CLONE);
        if (!box) {
            spandown = spanup = 10000000;
            for (j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
                if (indic[j] == 1) {
                    spandown = i - j;
                    break;
                }
            }
            for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
                if (indic[j] == 1) {
                    spanup = j - i;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (spandown < spanup)
                boxt = boxaGetBox(boxa, i - spandown, L_COPY);
            else
                boxt = boxaGetBox(boxa, i + spanup, L_COPY);
            boxaReplaceBox(boxa, i, boxt);
        }
        boxDestroy(&box);
    }

    LEPT_FREE(indic);
    return 0;
}


l_ok
boxaSizeVariation(BOXA       *boxa,
                  l_int32     type,
                  l_float32  *pdel_evenodd,
                  l_float32  *prms_even,
                  l_float32  *prms_odd,
                  l_float32  *prms_all)
{
l_int32    n, ne, no, nmin, vale, valo, i;
l_float32  sum;
BOXA      *boxae, *boxao;
NUMA      *nae, *nao, *na_all;

    PROCNAME("boxaSizeVariation");

    if (pdel_evenodd) *pdel_evenodd = 0.0;
    if (prms_even) *prms_even = 0.0;
    if (prms_odd) *prms_odd = 0.0;
    if (prms_all) *prms_all = 0.0;
    if (!boxa)
        return ERROR_INT("boxa not defined", procName, 1);
    if (type != L_SELECT_WIDTH && type != L_SELECT_HEIGHT)
        return ERROR_INT("invalid type", procName, 1);
    if (!pdel_evenodd && !prms_even && !prms_odd && !prms_all)
        return ERROR_INT("nothing to do", procName, 1);
    n = boxaGetCount(boxa);
    if (n < 4)
        return ERROR_INT("too few boxes", procName, 1);

    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxa, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
    ne = boxaGetCount(boxae);
    no = boxaGetCount(boxao);
    nmin = L_MIN(ne, no);
    if (nmin == 0) {
        boxaDestroy(&boxae);
        boxaDestroy(&boxao);
        return ERROR_INT("either no even or no odd boxes", procName, 1);
    }

    if (type == L_SELECT_WIDTH) {
        boxaGetSizes(boxae, &nae, NULL);
        boxaGetSizes(boxao, &nao, NULL);
        boxaGetSizes(boxa, &na_all, NULL);
    } else {   /* L_SELECT_HEIGHT) */
        boxaGetSizes(boxae, NULL, &nae);
        boxaGetSizes(boxao, NULL, &nao);
        boxaGetSizes(boxa, NULL, &na_all);
    }

    if (pdel_evenodd) {
        sum = 0.0;
        for (i = 0; i < nmin; i++) {
            numaGetIValue(nae, i, &vale);
            numaGetIValue(nao, i, &valo);
            sum += L_ABS(vale - valo);
        }
        *pdel_evenodd = sum / nmin;
    }
    if (prms_even)
        numaSimpleStats(nae, 0, -1, NULL, NULL, prms_even);
    if (prms_odd)
        numaSimpleStats(nao, 0, -1, NULL, NULL, prms_odd);
    if (prms_all)
        numaSimpleStats(na_all, 0, -1, NULL, NULL, prms_all);

    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    numaDestroy(&nae);
    numaDestroy(&nao);
    numaDestroy(&na_all);
    return 0;
}


l_ok
boxaMedianDimensions(BOXA     *boxas,
                     l_int32  *pmedw,
                     l_int32  *pmedh,
                     l_int32  *pmedwe,
                     l_int32  *pmedwo,
                     l_int32  *pmedhe,
                     l_int32  *pmedho,
                     NUMA    **pnadelw,
                     NUMA    **pnadelh)
{
l_int32  i, n, bw, bh, medw, medh, medwe, medwo, medhe, medho;
BOXA    *boxae, *boxao;
NUMA    *nadelw, *nadelh;

    PROCNAME("boxaMedianDimensions");

    if (pmedw) *pmedw = 0;
    if (pmedh) *pmedh = 0;
    if (pmedwe) *pmedwe= 0;
    if (pmedwo) *pmedwo= 0;
    if (pmedhe) *pmedhe= 0;
    if (pmedho) *pmedho= 0;
    if (pnadelw) *pnadelw = NULL;
    if (pnadelh) *pnadelh = NULL;
    if (!boxas)
        return ERROR_INT("boxas not defined", procName, 1);
    if (boxaGetValidCount(boxas) < 6)
        return ERROR_INT("need at least 6 valid boxes", procName, 1);

        /* Require at least 3 valid boxes of both types */
    boxaSplitEvenOdd(boxas, 0, &boxae, &boxao);
    if (boxaGetValidCount(boxae) < 3 || boxaGetValidCount(boxao) < 3) {
        boxaDestroy(&boxae);
        boxaDestroy(&boxao);
        return ERROR_INT("don't have 3+ valid boxes of each type", procName, 1);
    }

        /* Get the relevant median widths and heights */
    boxaGetMedianVals(boxas, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &medw, &medh);
    boxaGetMedianVals(boxae, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &medwe, &medhe);
    boxaGetMedianVals(boxao, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &medwo, &medho);
    if (pmedw) *pmedw = medw;
    if (pmedh) *pmedh = medh;
    if (pmedwe) *pmedwe = medwe;
    if (pmedwo) *pmedwo = medwo;
    if (pmedhe) *pmedhe = medhe;
    if (pmedho) *pmedho = medho;

        /* Find the variation from median dimension for each box */
    n = boxaGetCount(boxas);
    nadelw = numaCreate(n);
    nadelh = numaCreate(n);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        boxaGetBoxGeometry(boxas, i, NULL, NULL, &bw, &bh);
        if (bw == 0 || bh == 0) {  /* invalid box */
            numaAddNumber(nadelw, 0);
            numaAddNumber(nadelh, 0);
        } else {
            numaAddNumber(nadelw, bw - medw);
            numaAddNumber(nadelh, bh - medh);
        }
    }
    if (pnadelw)
        *pnadelw = nadelw;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nadelw);
    if (pnadelh)
        *pnadelh = nadelh;
    else
        numaDestroy(&nadelh);

    boxaDestroy(&boxae);
    boxaDestroy(&boxao);
    return 0;
}